Diet is a key factor in successful treatment for pancreatitis, so adherence to dietary restrictions allows you to live a full life and reduce the likelihood of relapse.
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreatic tissue, accompanied by impaired secretion of digestive enzymes, severe pain, changes in stool and vomiting. This leads to pathological metabolic disorders and can lead to the development of diabetes mellitus. The main factors in the onset of pancreatitis are: overeating, abuse of fatty foods and alcohol.
For pancreatitis it is necessary to follow a diet for a long time. Acute inflammation requires dietary restriction for 6-9 months, and in chronic pancreatitis, diets are followed for several years or a lifetime.
Power features
Approaches to prescribing a diet for pancreatitis depend on whether the inflammation is acute or chronic. Doctors note the positive effect of diet on pancreatitis. This allows you to quickly eliminate acute inflammation, avoid complications and prolong the remission period in a chronic process.
Features of the diet:
- You should completely stop eating for 2-3 days after an acute attack of pancreatitis. Thus, rest is provided for the pancreas. Therapeutic fasting involves the use of a glass of liquid 5-6 times a day, still alkaline mineral water, weakly brewed tea or hips infusion.
- On the fourth day after the onset of therapeutic fasting, solid foods are gradually included in the diet. As a rule, these are low-calorie foods without salt, which gradually increase the secretion of gastric juice.
- The method of cooking is important in pancreatitis. It is recommended to steam, because food prepared in this way retains all the necessary substances and does not harm the digestive system.
- Food should not be cold or hot, the optimal temperature is close to body temperature. In this case, the food should be grated or semi-liquid.
- Diet for pancreatitis even limits the consumption of dietary foods. They eat in small portions at least five times a day.
Excludes diet foods:
- oily;
- fried;
- hot sauces and spices;
- sour juices;
- canned foods, acids;
- smoked meat;
- confectionery;
- cocoa, chocolate;
- alcohol.
The energy value of such a meal should be at the level of 2500 kcal.
The disadvantage of such a diet is an acute shortage of raw plant foods. Some components need to be compensated by taking complex vitamins and nutritional supplements.
Diet for acute pancreatitis
Diet is an integral part of therapy in the treatment of pancreatitis. During an exacerbation, the attack is accompanied by severe pain and loss of appetite in the stomach, so the patient does not suffer for the first few days of medical fasting.
In addition, low-calorie foods are gradually included in the diet. It can be dried unbaked bread, berry fruit drinks and viscous decoctions made of jelly, oatmeal and rice, non-fat liquid mashed potatoes. In this case, it is recommended to exclude products that contribute to the formation of gas.
On days 6-7, protein foods are gradually introduced: steamed meat, mashed potatoes or vegetable puddings, steamed protein omelet.
It should be noted that the diet requires long-term adherence to dietary restrictions. For 6-9 months, you should strictly follow its rules and follow your daily diet.
The course of the disease may have certain characteristics, so the gastroenterologist and nutritionist are engaged in prescribing a diet. Specialists of this profile determine what can be eaten in the diet for pancreatitis for each individual patient, taking into account the accompanying diseases.
Once the acute phase of the disease is reduced, you can significantly diversify the menu with simple and healthy products. It should be noted that the number of meals should be at least four, and the volume of intoxicated fluid is about 1. 5 liters per day.
Sample menu:
- Breakfast: semolina (rice) porridge cooked in water; Alma; weakly brewed green tea with a spoonful of honey.
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken breast cutlets; carrot puree; hips berry decoction.
- Lunch: vegetable broth with beef or fish; mashed potatoes; white bread crutches; baked apples without peel.
- Afternoon snack: low-fat cottage cheese; green tea with a spoonful of honey.
- Nahar>: steamed protein omelet from three chicken eggs; mashed potatoes from diet vegetables; white bread crutches.
- Before going to bed: skim milk.
Diet and symptoms of pancreatitis are significantly relieved. This type of nutrition protects the pancreas and gradually normalizes its function. The patient's well-being will depend on how strictly he adheres to the diet. Any violation of the diet is immediately reflected in the digestive function.
Diet for chronic pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis develops against the background of the most acute condition, but can also occur as a major disease in cases of complications of other diseases.
Diet and treatment of pancreatitis are two inseparable concepts. Even during remission, dietary rules should be followed.
Dietary guidelines for chronic pancreatitis:
- During this period, the caloric content of food should be commensurate with daily physical activity.
- Much attention is paid to the protein content of food. Turkey, chicken, rabbit, beef, lean pork and fish are allowed.
- Lamb, fatty pork, goose, duck and game foods are not allowed in the diet.
- Heat treatment of food does not allow to fry, bake in the oven, cook. The food should be cooked or boiled in a double pot.
- Cheese, previously banned in the complication phase, is now allowed in small quantities, but it is recommended to replace milk with fermented dairy products.
- The diet should include plant proteins represented by grains and yesterday's bread, but it should be borne in mind that legumes should be completely eliminated during a diet with pancreatitis.
- The total amount of carbohydrates should not exceed 350 g per day. They are found in pasta, cereals, honey, canned food and syrups.
Approximate diet menu for chronic pancreatitis:
- Breakfast: boiled rabbit; rice porridge.
- Late breakfast: low-fat cottage cheese; baked apple without honey.
- Lunch: buckwheat soup; fish boiled or steamed with vegetables; compote of dried fruits.
- Lunch: steamed cutlets with vegetable sauce.
- Dinner: veal, unsweetened cottage cheese pudding; weak tea.
- Before going to bed: kefir.
Dishes are in fractions and in small portions. Meals should be served hot at intervals of about three hours.
Salt and spices increase the secretion of enzymes in the digestive system, so their amount should be minimized. In addition, sour, smoked foods, baked goods and sour cream, as well as chocolate have a similar effect. Sugary foods can cause complications such as diabetes mellitus, so their content in the diet is reduced by 90%.